Facial expression recognition of intercepted video sequences based on feature point movement trend and feature block texture variation

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is an important subject of human–computer interaction and has long been a research area of great interest. Accurate Facial Expression Sequence Interception (FESI) and discriminative expression feature extraction are two enormous challenges for the video-based FER. This paper proposes a framework of FER for the intercepted video sequences by using feature point movement trend and feature block texture variation. Firstly, the feature points are marked by Active Appearance Model (AAM) and the most representative 24 of them are selected. Secondly, facial expression sequence is intercepted from the face video by determining two key frames whose emotional intensities are minimum and maximum, respectively. Thirdly, the trend curve which represents the Euclidean distance variations between any two selected feature points is fitted, and the slopes of specific points on the trend curve are calculated. Finally, combining Slope Set which is composed by the calculated slopes with the proposed Feature Block Texture Difference (FBTD) which refers to the texture variation of facial patch, the final expressional feature are formed and inputted to One-dimensional Convolution Neural Network (1DCNN) for FER. Five experiments are conducted in this research, and three average FER rates 95.2%, 96.5%, and 97% for Beihang University (BHU) facial expression database, MMI facial expression database, and the combination of two databases, respectively, have shown the significant advantages of the proposed method over the existing ones.     

林分平均高度卫星遥感新进展

林分平均高度是生态系统模型重要的输入参数之一,与生物量估算与碳循环研究高度相关。通过系统回顾林分平均高度研究的发展历史和最新进展,总结了不同传感器林分平均高度(SAR树高与LiDAR冠层高度)研究的主要模型和方法,通过单一传感器技术进行林分平均高度研究的内在特征的不同,分析了多传感器的区域林分平均高度联合反演方法的优劣性,并从科学发展趋势和社会需求出发,认识目前存在的主要问题与难点及未来面临的挑战和机遇,为今后更好地进行森林垂直结构和全球碳循环研究提供思路和借鉴。     

广州市东濠涌截污工程的设计

东濠涌为城区中集污水、雨水排放和防洪排涝功能于一体的合流河涌，东濠涌流域地处建筑物密集的旧城区。截污工程按照远近期相结合的原则设计：涌中上游为合流渠箱，下游为明涌截污，改善了两岸景观；在合流渠箱与明涌截污分界点处设置截污闸，晴天时污水流入两岸截污管，雨天时若截污管的流量大于2倍污水量则打开截污闸，合流水直排珠江；低洼地区和涌出口在雨期会受潮水顶托，采用泵排方式。该设计既满足了过流能力，又达到了截污整治的目的。     

北京中关村软件园“光盘”结构设计

中关村软件园光盘结构集空间斜拉索、悬索于一体,受力十分复杂。在初步设计阶段,首先对结构体系进行宏观估算,确定合适的盘面结构形式和内外斜拉索、径向悬索数目与初始预应力,选择合适的柱截面形式和倾角等。进而根据设计荷载情况确定悬索间支撑数目和结构体系的受力,并初步确定基础的设计情况。     

浅谈轻型钢结构点式玻璃雨篷的设计与施工

轻型钢结构点式玻璃雨篷是目前国外应用比较广泛的一种新型结构形式,此种形式的雨篷在我国也得到迅速发展和应用。通过某具体工程,对大悬挑雨篷的结构计算进行分析并对施工的一些步骤进行说明。     

Effect of building integrated photovoltaics on microclimate of urban canopy layer

Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) has potential of becoming the mainstream of renewable energy in the urban environment. BIPV has significant influence on the thermal performance of building envelope and changes radiation energy balance by adding or replacing conventional building elements in urban areas. PTEBU model was developed to evaluate the effect of photovoltaic (PV) system on the microclimate of urban canopy layer. PTEBU model consists of four sub-models: PV thermal model, PV electrical performance model, building energy consumption model, and urban canyon energy budget model. PTEBU model is forced with temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation above the roof level and incorporates detailed data of PV system and urban canyon in Tianjin, China. The simulation results show that PV roof and PV façade with ventilated air gap significantly change the building surface temperature and sensible heat flux density, but the air temperature of urban canyon with PV module varies little compared with the urban canyon of no PV. The PV module also changes the magnitude and pattern of diurnal variation of the storage heat flux and the net radiation for the urban canyon with PV increase slightly. The increase in the PV conversion efficiency not only improves the PV power output, but also reduces the urban canyon air temperature.     

Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen at five subtropical forested sites in South China

Elevated concentrations of reactive nitrogen (N) in precipitation have been reported for many cities in China. Due to increased use of fossil fuels and expansion in agriculture, further increases in deposition of ammonia (NHx) and reactive N oxides (NOy) are predicted. Increased deposition of reactive N is likely to affect N dynamics and N runoff in forest ecosystems. Yet, in China little work has been done to quantify the levels of atmospheric N deposition in such systems. Here, we assess the deposition of inorganic N (ammonium, NH4+ and nitrate, NO3-) for five subtropical forest ecosystems in remote and urban areas of South China. Annual volume-weighted concentrations in bulk precipitation range from 0.18 to 1.55 mg NH4+ -N L(-1) and from 0.12 to 0.74 mg NO3- -N L(-1). These values are large and several times greater than those reported for remote sites of the world. The fluxes of total inorganic N (TIN) in wet-only deposition range from 0.8 to 2.3 g N m(-2) yr(-1), with NH4+ -N contributing 54% to 77%. Both the tree canopy and the ground vegetation layer are important in determining the net N flux reaching the forest floor, but the net effect varies from site to site. At TieShanPing (TSP), close to Chongqing city, and at CaiJiaTang (CJT), near Shaoshan (Hunan province), the canopy represents a net source of N, probably due to dry deposition. At the other three sites (LiuChongGuan (LCG), LeiGongShan (LGS), both in Guizhou province, and LiuXiHe (LXH) in Guangdong), a net loss of reactive N from precipitation water occurs in the canopy, probably due to uptake processes. The total annual atmospheric TIN load is estimated to range from at least 0.8 g N m(-2) yr(-1) to 4.0 g N m(-2) yr(-1), with a considerable contribution from dry deposition. Concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in tree canopy throughfall are greater than those in North America. Also the contribution of NH4+ -N to TIN fluxes in throughfall (40% to 70%) is greater than in North America. Our sites have N deposition levels and NH4+ -N contributions similar to those found in Northwest and central Europe. The TIN loads at TSP and CJT far exceed 2.5 g N m(-2) yr(-1), which is the N deposition load above which NO3- leaching is expected in temperate and boreal forests.     

一种应用于平面拦截问题的导弹导引律设计

针对导弹平面拦截问题,利用弹-目几何关系设计出一种新的用于攻击机动目标的非线性几何导引律NGG(nonlinear geometric guidance)。首先建立导引关系式,通过弹目运动关系得出平面拦截问题的非线性相对运动方程,然后由数学方法推导出成功拦截的条件。仿真研究表明,对高机动目标拦截效果明显,并与用于打击机动目标常用的扩展比例导引律APN(augmented proportional navigation)相比较,在初始发射弹道倾角比较大时,NGG导引的脱靶量明显小于APN导引。     

天基反卫星动能弹系统概念及关键技术探讨

随着科学技术的不断发展,未来战争的范围逐步扩大到外层空间。天基反卫星动能弹以其命中精度高、难以干扰、机动性好和轻质小型等优点成为空间武器发展的重要方向之一。天基反卫星动能弹是以载体卫星等航天器为发射平台,利用与目标卫星之间的极高相对运动速度所产生的巨大动能直接碰撞敌卫星使其摧毁的新概念武器,被认为是兵器弹药技术在天基平台上的拓展应用。通过追踪国外天基星动能弹的发展情况,研究其系统组成和工作原理,提出并分析了研制天基反卫星动能弹有待解决的动能弹与载体平台的发射与分离、空间自主导航、空间目标探测与识别和高精度末制导等关键技术,为天基反卫星动能弹的后续研究奠定一定的技术基础。     

超近程拦截系统中毁伤元的最佳延时起爆时间的控制

为了准确计算毁伤元延时起爆时间、提高超近程系统拦截空中目标的有效性,采用线性切割器作为毁伤元,且研究线性切割器的原理及特点,在地面坐标系中建立线性切割器和目标的运动模型.通过对模型的计算及分析得到毁伤元最佳起爆延时时间段,它对超近程反导的弹目交汇时间计算有一定的指导意义.同时得到在最佳起爆延时时间段对线性切割器的射角及时调整可以更有效的拦截目标.